Review of "Hot, Flat and Crowded" by Thomas L. Friedman

I have read both "World is Flat" and now "Hot, Flat and Crowded" and I think this book presents a bleaker future in store for our future generations unless we clean our act. By "we" he means the Americans ofcourse ! :) The book contents can be really summarized in his title "In Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution--and How It Can Renew America". He considers this a watershed moment for both the energy predicament as well as America's vision/moral/leadership crisis.

a. Hot - Refers to the global warming - which apart from climate touches food , fuel as well as forests !

b. Flat - The numerous upheavals in the market that have created a more level playing field for the world to compete and hence join at the same table where US feeds. ( I would recommend reading "World is Flat" by the same author to understand more on this ). This means lot more people living like Americans

c. Crowded - the burgeoning population growth ; and hence more people competing for the same resources on Earth.

He believes today's America is in a defensive position post 9/11 and has lost focus. He uses the phrase "Where birds don't fly" to capture this and says that this is a place where people do not mingle , friendships are not established, ideas are not kindled , trust does not get built and freedom does not exist. Such an America cannot play an important role in the world nor can it use its own potential in ways that would benefit the world and itself.

One of the causes is America's playing of "dumb as we wanna be" game and "we will get to it when we get to it" instead of resolving problems. This has led to a "sub-prime" nation that is incapable of handling a multi-generation problem like the energy crisis.

Where the book takes off is that - it is not a mere rhetoric on global warming by simply expounding the problem , it tries to identify solutions that could work within the framework of business. This is the crux of the book. It is here that he espouses a need for political consensus , collaboration with local government bodies, communities as well as NGOs and help business to earn profit as well.

One thing that he makes clear is that there are no quick fixes to this energy crisis, and only long term solutions can help. A combination of taxes, incentives, regularisation are required to make the energy innovation lift off and reach escape velocity. He stresses the need for the young who need to be taught to use their skills and earn without needing to harm the environment.

Green technology is first an innovation challenge and not a regulation challenge since first and foremost a cheap, easily renewable and transferable energy technology is required. Companies instead of challenging regulations should see them as a way to knock out competitors.

A chilling chapter is on the Petro-dictatorship where the enormous amount of money being pumped into the oil producing countries is strengthening and giving power to rulers who are not democratic and who have not earned their leadership by actually working towards building economies and educating their people. The dependency on oil makes Washington bite its tongue on women's rights and makes China go into partnership with murderous African dictatorship in oil rich Sudan.

He takes head-on the question of countries like India and China feeling unfairly penalized on their carbon emissions ( Kyoto protocol ) especially after decades of carbon emissions by the West , just when these economies are growing. He says that while the sense of unfairness is understandable there is a choice for such countries

a. Continue feeling unfair and build economy on dirty fuels giving America the time it needs to come up with clean energy solution and thereby allow US to sell it to them at a later date [when they are choking in their polluted air !!! ]

b. Or try to beat America towards a greener future and hence be in a position to reap benefits from it in myriad ways - economic growth, cleaner air , continued rich bio-diversity , healthy population

He believes Energy Technology is going to be a big industry as big as or even bigger than the IT pie. He would like America to grab this opportunity but he does not think America is doing enough towards this. He thinks USA needs to set an example to the rest of world to follow towards a clean energy system. For US , it is not just an opportunity but a test. America has a moral responsibility since it consumes more.

Towards the myriad benefits he gives some good examples including one where the US Marines-Corps in Iraq gains in multiple ways when they tries to reduce the large and vulnerable fuel line logistics which were easy targets for bombing with usage of solar panels.

All in a very well researched book which hits the target.